What is Encosh ?
A platform for exchange to support stakeholders involved in human-wildlife coexistence challenges.
A collaborative tool built by an interdisciplinary team.
An international network of diverse local actors.
A project to strengthen your capacity for action.
initiatives
Coping with human-wildlife interactions (e.g food protection, human safety and well-being; wildlife preservation) is a complex and urgent issue. It requires to combine and adapt locally diverse and complementary initiatives. Examples of toolbox and a search system are available below to help you creating your own toolbox to better tackle human-wildlife conflict and coexistence issues locally. It is important to note that some initiatives are very specific to a wildlife species and a context while others can be widely adapted.
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To facilitate the long-term sustainability of this measure, Greek eNGOs initiated an extensive consultation and negotiation processes with national competent authorities, mainly the Ministry of Rural Development and Food so that financial support for the measure would be included...
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We aim to test two new non-lethal methods to prevent sheep predation by wolves.
One method consists in a lightweight cover made of fabric stripes impregnated with a concentrated chili pepper extract and hanging around the sheep: a "defence harness". The harness should not ...
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As part of a project to understand "Behavior of wolves facing fences in agriculture", a study was conducted with wolves held in a wildlife park. The results of this project were staged in a film entitled "Anti-wolf fence for small livestock". This film deals with the theme of the...
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Fladry is composed of a non-electrified wire where plastic strips or tissues are fixed every fifty centimeters. Its principle is to create a visual and sound disturbance. When the Wolf approaches, he is frightened by the movements and the sound of the bands, but he can get used q...
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The territory of French Guyana is under agricultural development. Thus, many breeders may have to cope with the predation of jaguars and pumas upon their livestock. This guide has thus been realized to advice breeders, particularly those who have not yet set up, about practices a...
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This cartographic tool makes it possible to signal the presence of a predator to all those responsible for herds located in the vicinity.
Operation:
- The observer places a presence index on the map;
- He chooses the area to cover to launch the alert;
- Al...
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A .22 starter pistol that fired blanks into the air was used alone or with a klaxon when wolves were known to be near (detected visually, by Wolf howls, or by strong telemetry readings). Also used when wolves were possibly near (determined by guard dogs barking consistently, Wolf...
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In April 2019, the Carnivore for Coexistence Alliance and Jeff Marley have helped install an electric fence on a property in Metchosin, Victoria, BC, that has experienced sheep losses over the last few years. To better understand what happens when we install an electric fence, w...
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Developing artificial chemical signals that will keep African Wild Dogs safely inside the borders of protected conservation areas.
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The Livestock Guarding Dog Program (LGD Program) was initiated in 1996, in the scope of the wolf conservation strategy established by Grupo Lobo, and has been running since. Its main goal is to promote the recovery of autochthonous breeds of livestock guarding dogs as an effectiv...
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From my lion work in the past, 90% of cattle killed by lions are killed when grazing without a herder. When I was a child in Zimbabwe, I never saw a herd of cattle alone without a herder. Therefore, something has changed.
When we ask what has changed, the answer is that t...
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HWC toolkit was developed to help communities adjacent to protected area. The toolkit contained a combination of Torch, Horn, Fire cracker and Roman candle. The toolkit is used sequentially. More than 1200 individual were trained within Tarangire - manyara ecosystem and Kilimanja...
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The ultimate objective of this program is to improve the "quality" of livestock guarding dogs (selection, education, behavior), to identify the parameters and situations that influence their effectiveness in protection (pastoral practices, equipment, use of space …) and thus he...
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Initially developed to protect poultry from foxes, the use of flashing lights was then extended to various predators: in Nepal to limit depredation of snow leopard over livestock, in Africa against cheetah attacks or in France against wolves.
The device emits flashe...
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Farm to show good farming practices and non-lehal measure to prevent and limit depredation by large carnivores
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The Village Tiger Response Team (VTRT) is a community driven mechanism. Their main roles are to manage the Human - Tiger interactions issues inside village and to provide data on a regular basis to manage the WildTeam’s Human-Tiger Conflict (HTC) database. But over the time the...
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Autonomous light devices composed of 9 LEDs (white and blue) which light up and flash randomly thus simulating the presence of a person around the herd of livestock to protect.
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Both the Marsican brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) and the Italian honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) are threatened by the alteration of ecosystems caused by humans. If the bear is critically endangered and on the verge of extinction, then the bees are not safe either. The...
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An intricate lighting system on homesteads to deter predators from attacking livestock at night. This light can be set up around the area to protect but also directly around the neck of livestock to protect from predators.
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This initiative consists of painting eyes on the hindquarters of cows to scare off predators that ambush them from behind like lions.
Working with Botswana Predator Conservation and local herders, we painted the cattle of 14 herds that had recently suffered lion atta...
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To discourage predator attacks at night, flashing predator deterrent light systems are mounted on livestock enclosures. This idea is intended to fool predators into thinking there is someone walking around with a torch during the night, and it is too dangerous to target livestock...
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Test of two substances that have proven effective with other carnivores to deter pumas through conditioned taste aversion in order to reduce livestock predation.
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To support pastoralists and shepherds and give them the keys to successfully introduce a livestock guarding dog into their herd and its use on a daily basis, a national technical network on dogs has been set up.
Its objective is to disseminate knowledge and know-how in the...
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Installation of a biological barrier (composed of urine and faeces from another pack of wolves than those identified on the territory) of 65 km on a territory where 3 packs of wolves live to protect a herd of 2,400 ewes impacted by predation, in Idaho in the United States.
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Booklet on best practices to prevent and limit wolf depredation on livestock.
https://wolfwatcher.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Wolf-Awareness-Ranchers-Guide-2nd-Ed.pdf
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When breeders have to deal with depredation of Jaguar or Puma upon their livestock, they have the opportunity to become a "pilot farm" and thus freely set up a non-lethal measure. Both the project leader and the breeder choose together which measure seem to be relevant and adapte...
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The system consists of a solar-powered GPS collar and a digital map. When an animal crosses the Nofence boundary the collar starts beeping. This warns the animal that a short electric shock will be sent from the collar if the animal continues to move in the same direction. The an...
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The Kangal or Anatolian Shepherd is a breed of dog of Turkish origin. It has been used for thousands of years as a guard dog during the transhumance of cattle. It is a muscular, powerful race, with a large head and a robust body. The male measures between 80 and 100 cm at the wit...
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Based on the theory of human fear of wolves, this paper presents a first attempt to evaluate the effect of introducing a hand-held ultrasonic scaring device to deter wolves.
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The inhabitants use rags that were used to clean the guns and which are imbued with the smell of gun powder. These rags are arranged on a fan, or else attached to the tail of the horses. According to them, wolves make the association between gun powder and shooting and therefore ...
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In this study, they "evaluated the use of local, medium-sized, mixed-breed guarding dogs to reduce predation and retaliatory killing of carnivores. They interviewed 64 herders, and delivered 37 puppies to 25 herders. Most economic loss was attributed to cougars (Puma concolor) an...
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The Mongolian Bankhar Dog Project researches, breeds, and trains Mongolian Bankhar livestock protection dogs and places these working dogs in homes of nomadic herding families on the Mongolian steppe, where the Bankhar perform their traditional role of protecting livestock herds ...
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Human - Tiger conflict is one of the most critical issues in tiger conservation and also a serious problem for human safety (attacks on humans and livestock. It thus requires a focus on effective mitigation measures. Two of these measures used in Nepal have been assessed: compens...
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2 firecrackers are available for each pastoral unit. Use over a period of 15 days renewable.
Number of cartridges limited
The firecracker pen has been used at least twice. The tool was used when the shepherd noticed a panic of the herd following the supposed presenc...
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The design of the electric fence introduced here was tested by the NGO Panthera to prevent felines such as Jaguar and Puma from attacking livestock. The number of wires, their height and voltage are 3 parameters
essential to consider, such as:
- 5 wires at 20cm, 40c...
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Enclosure made with few stakes and nets (the same ones used for livestock), a wooden pallet to make the entrance of the enclosure, and garbage cans and ropes that respectively serve as self-feeding food reserve for livestock guarding dogs. An initiative to reduce the time spent b...
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Electric fence with an optimal design can be an effective detterent to prevent and reduce depredation of jaguar and puma upon livestock. Adequate design and maintenance is however essential to make this fence effective.
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A properly constructed electric fence is safe for people and pets and has proven to be effective at deterring bears from apiaries (beehives), fruit trees, gardens, livestock pens, rabbit hutches, garbage containers, dog kennels, chicken coups, compost piles, storage sheds, along ...
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Employed a human, especially one on horseback, in and around a rancher’s cattle for the entire grazing season to lower Wolf attack on cattle. It helps calm cattle and disrupts wolves’ hunting patterns.
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Support program for pastoralism areas of action of FERUS, a conservation association for large predators in France.
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The Association VIE carries the applied research project entitled "The Patou does not do all" on the links that exist between social and spatial behaviors of livestock guarding dogs. The purpose of this participatory study is, among other things, to highlight elements that may he...
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Peppi and Marko Laine are sheep farmers from Salo, Finland. Over the past years the sightings of wolves has increased from only a few to almost a hundred. Last year two of their lambs were killed by wolves. Now they are testing if llamas would be suitable guardians for their shee...
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Project initiated in 2011, in the cantons of Vaud and Valais (Switzerland).
It is broken down into two parts:
- The design of the attack detection system;
- The composition of the repellent; alarm pheromones, the choice of the discriminating stimulus.
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In this study, they "use a stated preference approach for measuring tolerance, based on the ‘Wildlife Stakeholder Acceptance Capacity’ concept, to explore villagers’ tolerance levels for tigers in the Bangladesh Sundarbans, an area where, at the time of the research, human-...
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I speak at numerous events regarding ranching with predators. I share my experiences and some of the tools I use on my ranch to help reduce the chance of conflict. I am practical and understand many of the issues and fears ranchers face, including a fear that if they do not kill ...
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We aim to adopt craftsmanship as a creative tool and a livelihood initiative, enabling the Andean Cat Alliance (Alianza Gato Andino – AGA) to support wildlife conservation – particularly of the Andean cat – through increased engagement of local people while simultaneously r...
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A participatory nation-wide think-tank (Campo Grande Group) where people linked to several sectors related to the conflict are participating. The goal is to gather some agreements and negotiated propositions to address conflict and de-escalate the tension generated by this proble...
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Share your initiative with our network and discuss it with different stakeholders.
Why join us ?
Are you a farmer, researcher, or an NGO? Join us!
Enjoy quick and easy access to all the initiatives on the platform, and download or print technical sheets to facilitate your work.
Comment on initiatives and ask your questions directly to project leaders to engage and get answers tailored to your needs.
Create and customize your own “toolbox” by selecting different initiatives to better manage human-wildlife interactions at the local level.
Engage and collaborate with the international community through a dedicated forum, share your initiatives, and benefit from the experience and feedback of other members.
