What is Encosh ?
A platform for exchange to support stakeholders involved in human-wildlife coexistence challenges.
A collaborative tool built by an interdisciplinary team.
An international network of diverse local actors.
A project to strengthen your capacity for action.
initiatives
Coping with human-wildlife interactions (e.g food protection, human safety and well-being; wildlife preservation) is a complex and urgent issue. It requires to combine and adapt locally diverse and complementary initiatives. Examples of toolbox and a search system are available below to help you creating your own toolbox to better tackle human-wildlife conflict and coexistence issues locally. It is important to note that some initiatives are very specific to a wildlife species and a context while others can be widely adapted.
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A low-cost and open source system that helps to early detect and alert people about the presence of large mammals.
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The solution applied is the construction of a small ripening tank in the village, where people can safely place their cassava bags without suffer from elephant consumption and improve community daily life by decreasing the effort and time to reach the river sometimes far away.
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The first attractant of elephants to our fields is the different crops grown within, such as maize, sorghum, millet etc. Therefore, this trials hold a strong position that evaluating alternative cropping strategies can bring about a significant knowledge, understanding and more i...
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When a rural landowner participating in NJP and Naturalia’s joint Viviendo con Felinos project produces a photograph of a jaguar on his ranch, he’ll be paid a cash value equal to the long-standing bounty offered locally for dead jaguars. And since that same jaguar – kept al...
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A simple user-friendly mobile phone system to help villagers near two Indian national parks report crop and livestock damages to authorities and receive appropriate compensation.
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A telecommunication technology to which a variety of sensors can be linked that detect animal presence and power leaks in electric fences that are currently used to keep out herbivorous.
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The bee fence is a simple barrier along which are arranged at regular intervals (10 m), hives suspended on a cable. Its operation is based on the observation that elephants would not approach within four meters of a hive (King et al., 2009). Despite the thickness of their skin, t...
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To discourage predator attacks at night, flashing predator deterrent light systems are mounted on livestock enclosures. This idea is intended to fool predators into thinking there is someone walking around with a torch during the night, and it is too dangerous to target livestock...
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This initiative consists of painting eyes on the hindquarters of cows to scare off predators that ambush them from behind like lions.
Working with Botswana Predator Conservation and local herders, we painted the cattle of 14 herds that had recently suffered lion atta...
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A trained Emergency Response (ER) team consisting of an officer not below the rank of Assistant Conservator of Forests, one qualified veterinarian, and a minimum of five trained support staff may be formed in the identified conflict area
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An insurance scheme has been created through partners (EU) support and also with the villagers subscribing to the insurance with 2500FCFA/per hectare/year (4$/hectare/year) to insured their fields. Then during the devastation, the policyholders notify the park managers in order t...
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Using forensic techniques and DNA analysis during wildlife investigation, front line staff of the forest department can identify the species/individual involved in conflict. This helps forest department to take action like capture/shoot the problem animal, giving compensation to ...
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Honeyguide HEC Prevention Methodology
Working with community youth volunteers and wildlife scouts, Honeyguide developed a Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) Toolkit that uses a sequential order of methods to prevent crop destruction. The objective of the HEC Toolkit is to...
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The scheme provides cash relief of 1 million NRs (1 USD equivalent to NRs 115 in 2019) in case of human deaths to victim family. The cash relief also compensates for crop damages, property loss and livestock loss. The scheme includes 14 wildlife species namely Bear, Tiger, Rhino,...
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From my lion work in the past, 90% of cattle killed by lions are killed when grazing without a herder. When I was a child in Zimbabwe, I never saw a herd of cattle alone without a herder. Therefore, something has changed.
When we ask what has changed, the answer is that t...
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With the objective of alleviating this situation, The Corbett Foundation (TCF), a conservation NGO working in India, launched the Cattle Compensation Scheme in 1995 to give interim and on-the-spot financial assistance to villagers, whose cattle have been killed by a tiger or a le...
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Farm to show good farming practices and non-lehal measure to prevent and limit depredation by large carnivores
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This conservation outreach initiative was conducted to people living in the buffer area of Jigme Khesar Strict Nature with focus on concepts of human wildlife interaction, conservation significant of wildlife and how to create better balance between human need and wildlife need...
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Elephants break water tanks, and pipes, and sometimes houses to access water. The main aim is to protect the water storage facilities in rural villages , as the loss of water in a semi-arid desert puts many human lives at risk.
The government provides each village ...
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The establishment of buffer cultivation based on chilli or chili fencing made with sisal ropes soaked in motor oil mixed with ground chilli (Capsicum spp.) can scare elephants. The active ingredient in chilli, capsaicin, has the power to irritate the epithelium of mammalian cells...
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Wildlife Friendly™ certification is a global program providing best practice guidelines for farming, ranching, and other enterprises who seek to generate sustainable livelihoods while protecting key species of biodiversity. Our certification programs, also including species-fo...
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The Cape Leopard Trust recognises that farmer-predator conflict remains a highly emotive issue – both for those who lose livestock as well as for those of us who are wholly opposed to the destructive and indiscriminate methods of predator control.
In seeking solu...
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HWC toolkit was developed to help communities adjacent to protected area. The toolkit contained a combination of Torch, Horn, Fire cracker and Roman candle. The toolkit is used sequentially. More than 1200 individual were trained within Tarangire - manyara ecosystem and Kilimanja...
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Human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Kaziranga’s southern part is mainly manifested in agricultural fields which makes it largely seasonal. The crop raiding is at its peak in winter when rice ripens -. Interestingly, a study conducted in the Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam indicates t...
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Solar-electric poliwire fencing is aimed at mitigating the impact of elephants on the livelihoods of subsistence farmers. It is a small, portable, farm-based initiative used during each cropping season to deter elephants from individual fields, while allowing them to continue to...
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The Mongolian Bankhar Dog Project researches, breeds, and trains Mongolian Bankhar livestock protection dogs and places these working dogs in homes of nomadic herding families on the Mongolian steppe, where the Bankhar perform their traditional role of protecting livestock herds ...
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Initially developed to protect poultry from foxes, the use of flashing lights was then extended to various predators: in Nepal to limit depredation of snow leopard over livestock, in Africa against cheetah attacks or in France against wolves.
The device emits flashe...
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Natural physical barriers made up of cacti and sisal have been tested in Mozambique to keep elephants away from agricultural plots, but few scientific publications exist on their effectiveness.
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The Kangal or Anatolian Shepherd is a breed of dog of Turkish origin. It has been used for thousands of years as a guard dog during the transhumance of cattle. It is a muscular, powerful race, with a large head and a robust body. The male measures between 80 and 100 cm at the wit...
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In parallel with the dissemination of information to villagers on the most appropriate methods of storing food and beverages, we have produced, in two of our projects in Zambia, an educational booklet on the construction of reinforced grain shelters. These shelters mainly store m...
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The Livestock Guarding Dog Program (LGD Program) was initiated in 1996, in the scope of the wolf conservation strategy established by Grupo Lobo, and has been running since. Its main goal is to promote the recovery of autochthonous breeds of livestock guarding dogs as an effectiv...
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Working as a shepherd in the Pyrenees is a challenge since bears are around. Yannick Lamazou produces cheese up in the mountains in the National Park and found a good way of promoting bears and sheep at the same time.
Yannick Lamazou is the son of a shepherd who has ...
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A participatory nation-wide think-tank (Campo Grande Group) where people linked to several sectors related to the conflict are participating. The goal is to gather some agreements and negotiated propositions to address conflict and de-escalate the tension generated by this proble...
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Ex-post compensation covering up to 100% of the market value of livestock depredated by wolves and up to 60% of the value of livestock depredated by dogs.
In this study, they "conclude
that compensation may fail to improve tolerance toward carnivores unless it...
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Support program for pastoralism areas of action of FERUS, a conservation association for large predators in France.
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Employed a human, especially one on horseback, in and around a rancher’s cattle for the entire grazing season to lower Wolf attack on cattle. It helps calm cattle and disrupts wolves’ hunting patterns.
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This cartographic tool makes it possible to signal the presence of a predator to all those responsible for herds located in the vicinity.
Operation:
- The observer places a presence index on the map;
- He chooses the area to cover to launch the alert;
- Al...
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The inhabitants use rags that were used to clean the guns and which are imbued with the smell of gun powder. These rags are arranged on a fan, or else attached to the tail of the horses. According to them, wolves make the association between gun powder and shooting and therefore ...
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2 firecrackers are available for each pastoral unit. Use over a period of 15 days renewable.
Number of cartridges limited
The firecracker pen has been used at least twice. The tool was used when the shepherd noticed a panic of the herd following the supposed presenc...
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A .22 starter pistol that fired blanks into the air was used alone or with a klaxon when wolves were known to be near (detected visually, by Wolf howls, or by strong telemetry readings). Also used when wolves were possibly near (determined by guard dogs barking consistently, Wolf...
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Using forensic techniques and DNA analysis during wildlife investigation, front line staff of the forest department can identify the species/individual involved in conflict. This helps forest department to take action like capture/shoot the problem animal, giving compensation to ...
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Based on the theory of human fear of wolves, this paper presents a first attempt to evaluate the effect of introducing a hand-held ultrasonic scaring device to deter wolves.
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We aim to test two new non-lethal methods to prevent sheep predation by wolves.
One method consists in a lightweight cover made of fabric stripes impregnated with a concentrated chili pepper extract and hanging around the sheep: a "defence harness". The harness should not ...
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Program to foster donation in order to support people in rural areas who shoulder the real cost of co-existing with wolves, brown bears and lynx with prompt and practical assistance to resolve conflicts.
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As part of a project to understand "Behavior of wolves facing fences in agriculture", a study was conducted with wolves held in a wildlife park. The results of this project were staged in a film entitled "Anti-wolf fence for small livestock". This film deals with the theme of the...
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Installation of a biological barrier (composed of urine and faeces from another pack of wolves than those identified on the territory) of 65 km on a territory where 3 packs of wolves live to protect a herd of 2,400 ewes impacted by predation, in Idaho in the United States.
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The ultimate objective of this program is to improve the "quality" of livestock guarding dogs (selection, education, behavior), to identify the parameters and situations that influence their effectiveness in protection (pastoral practices, equipment, use of space …) and thus he...
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I speak at numerous events regarding ranching with predators. I share my experiences and some of the tools I use on my ranch to help reduce the chance of conflict. I am practical and understand many of the issues and fears ranchers face, including a fear that if they do not kill ...
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Enclosure made with few stakes and nets (the same ones used for livestock), a wooden pallet to make the entrance of the enclosure, and garbage cans and ropes that respectively serve as self-feeding food reserve for livestock guarding dogs. An initiative to reduce the time spent b...
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Project initiated in 2011, in the cantons of Vaud and Valais (Switzerland).
It is broken down into two parts:
- The design of the attack detection system;
- The composition of the repellent; alarm pheromones, the choice of the discriminating stimulus.
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The Kangal or Anatolian Shepherd is a breed of dog of Turkish origin. It has been used for thousands of years as a guard dog during the transhumance of cattle. It is a muscular, powerful race, with a large head and a robust body. The male measures between 80 and 100 cm at the wit...
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Insurance to offset other costs related to depredation (such as abortions, loss of milk production and subsidies per livestock head)
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Fladry is composed of a non-electrified wire where plastic strips or tissues are fixed every fifty centimeters. Its principle is to create a visual and sound disturbance. When the Wolf approaches, he is frightened by the movements and the sound of the bands, but he can get used q...
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Booklet on best practices to prevent and limit wolf depredation on livestock.
https://wolfwatcher.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Wolf-Awareness-Ranchers-Guide-2nd-Ed.pdf
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The scheme provides cash relief of 1 million NRs (1 USD equivalent to NRs 115 in 2019) in case of human deaths to victim family. The cash relief also compensates for crop damages, property loss and livestock loss. The scheme includes 14 wildlife species namely Bear, Tiger, Rhino,...
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To support pastoralists and shepherds and give them the keys to successfully introduce a livestock guarding dog into their herd and its use on a daily basis, a national technical network on dogs has been set up.
Its objective is to disseminate knowledge and know-how in the...
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The Mongolian Bankhar Dog Project researches, breeds, and trains Mongolian Bankhar livestock protection dogs and places these working dogs in homes of nomadic herding families on the Mongolian steppe, where the Bankhar perform their traditional role of protecting livestock herds ...
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In April 2019, the Carnivore for Coexistence Alliance and Jeff Marley have helped install an electric fence on a property in Metchosin, Victoria, BC, that has experienced sheep losses over the last few years. To better understand what happens when we install an electric fence, w...
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Wildlife Friendly™ certification is a global program providing best practice guidelines for farming, ranching, and other enterprises who seek to generate sustainable livelihoods while protecting key species of biodiversity. Our certification programs, also including species-fo...
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Peppi and Marko Laine are sheep farmers from Salo, Finland. Over the past years the sightings of wolves has increased from only a few to almost a hundred. Last year two of their lambs were killed by wolves. Now they are testing if llamas would be suitable guardians for their shee...
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A step-wise decision support tool whose aim is to evaluate management options based on multiple objectives
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Initially developed to protect poultry from foxes, the use of flashing lights was then extended to various predators: in Nepal to limit depredation of snow leopard over livestock, in Africa against cheetah attacks or in France against wolves.
The device emits flashe...
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The Carnivore Damage Prevention News, a publication initiated in 2000, aims to facilitate the collaboration between specialists and information exchange among carnivore damage prevention projects, and to become an important instrument and forum for many scientists, conservationis...
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16 years ago Pedro and Ana decided to move to Castro Laboreiro where many of the wolves in Portugal live. They never regretted this move - today they have an ecotourism company and offer visitors a unique experience by riding horses through the ‘land of the wolves’.
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The Association VIE carries the applied research project entitled "The Patou does not do all" on the links that exist between social and spatial behaviors of livestock guarding dogs. The purpose of this participatory study is, among other things, to highlight elements that may he...
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